The 8 Main Types of Windows to Know
Investing in new windows for your home isn’t something you do every day. In fact, it might be a once-in-a-lifetime decision.
That’s why it’s absolutely vital to choose the most suitable style to follow your current setup, for several important reasons.
Bon Accord is here to break down the wide array of choices with simple, no-nonsense advice, making the process of selecting replacement windows as easy as 1, 2, 3, just like we did when explaining what counts as a good window U-value.
Types of windows for homes
- Casement Windows
Much like a standard door, a casement window opens outward on side hinges and is typically operated using a handle or crank. With no central mullion to interrupt the glass, it delivers a wide, unobstructed view and is ideal for welcoming in a breeze. - Sash Windows
Sash windows feature one or more sliding panels that move either vertically or sideways, commonly found in Georgian and Victorian-era homes. Thanks to integrated counterweights or spring mechanisms, they glide smoothly and exude timeless charm. - Tilt and Turn Window
The tilt and turn window is the definition of flexibility, offering dual-opening options: tilt it slightly inward from the top for gentle ventilation or swing it open fully from the side for effortless cleaning and easy access. - Sliding Window
Perfect for wide openings, sliding windows feature sashes that glide horizontally, making them a smart solution in spaces where outward or inward openings aren’t practical. They’re valued for their space-saving design and simple usability. - Bay Windows
Bay windows are defined by their striking outward projection, typically made up of three panes: a large fixed centre window flanked by two angled side panels. This structure allows more natural light to flood into the room and adds a sense of depth. - Bow Window
Similar in concept to a bay window but with a gentler curve, bow windows create a rounded projection using four or more equal-sized panels. This elegant shape enhances exterior views and brings in even more daylight. - Rooflight/Skylight Window
Whether you call it a rooflight or skylight, this window style is set directly into a flat or sloped roof to introduce natural light from above. It brightens up interiors and gives rooms a lighter, more open feel. - Flush Window
A flush window sits level with the outer frame, giving it a sleek, streamlined appearance. Designed to echo the look of traditional timber windows, flush styles are typically crafted as low-maintenance coloured UPVC windows in timber-effect finishes or alternatively made out of modern aluminium.
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Casement Window
Casement windows first appeared in the UK during the 18th century, traditionally crafted with iron or timber frames and often adorned with leaded glass.
This outward-opening, hinged style remains one of the most favoured of the different types of windows available today, sitting just behind sash windows in modern British homes.
Where casement windows truly excel is in ventilation as they allow more airflow than classic sash designs and they offer broader, less obstructed views.
Their adaptability is another key strength, as casement windows can be made in a wide variety of configurations and dimensions, proving just how enduring and flexible this design really is.
- Features
With hinges fixed to the side, casement windows open outwardly, ideal for boosting airflow and enjoying uninterrupted views of the outdoors. They close snugly for excellent thermal performance and are equipped with secure locking systems to help protect your home. - Best for
Casement windows blend effortlessly with both contemporary homes and more traditional properties, which is why they’re such a popular choice across the UK. - Efficiency Rating
When properly sealed and fitted with energy-efficient materials and double or triple glazing, casement windows can deliver outstanding thermal performance, helping to reduce heat loss and support lower energy bills. - Design Options
Available in UPVC, aluminium or timber frames, casement windows can be tailored to traditional, heritage or modern aesthetics. The colour palette is broad, with finishes that range from bold hues to authentic woodgrain effects. - *Average Cost
Place note, pricing will vary depending on the size of the windows, the frame material, glazing type, and any bespoke design features or finishes you opt for. ⭐ ⭐ ⭐
Sash Window
Sash windows gained popularity in the late 17th century, flourishing throughout the Georgian and Victorian periods.
Originally constructed with timber frames, their design has evolved significantly over time. Today, they’re commonly manufactured using modern
UPVC or aluminium and often feature larger expanses of glazing than their historical counterparts.
Renowned for their timeless elegance and classic appeal, sash windows operate via sliding panels that move either vertically or horizontally.
Nearly four centuries since their introduction to the UK, they remain a staple of British architecture and one of the most enduring styles of windows.
- Features
Sash windows allow you to control ventilation and natural light by smoothly sliding one or more sashes either vertically or horizontally. One of their standout advantages is how easy they are to clean, thanks to their accessible opening mechanism. - Best for
Ideal for modern homeowners seeking a touch of period elegance, sash windows also sit beautifully within heritage properties, preserving the architectural integrity of older homes. - Efficiency Rating
With the right specifications, such as quality glazing and effective insulation, sash windows can achieve strong energy efficiency ratings, helping to minimise heat loss. - Design Options
Available in UPVC, aluminium, or traditional timber frames, sash windows come in a wide spectrum of colours beyond classic white. Choose from single-hung, double-hung, or horizontal sliding formats to suit your style and space. - *Average Cost
Prices for sash windows generally fall into the mid-to-high range, depending on factors such as materials, dimensions, glazing, and custom detailing. ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐
Tilt and Turn Window
Commonly seen in continental European homes, tilt and turn windows are celebrated for their excellent security, thermal performance, and low-maintenance qualities.
They feature an ingenious opening system that allows the window to tilt inward slightly for gentle ventilation or swing fully open like a conventional door, ideal for easy cleaning and quick access.
This dual functionality makes them an excellent choice for homeowners who prioritise both safety and adaptability.
Thanks to their impressive practicality, tilt and turn windows are a natural fit for modern homes, though their flexible design also makes them perfectly suitable for more traditional properties.
- Features
With dual opening modes, tilt and turn windows give you the choice of a gentle top tilt for subtle ventilation or a full inward swing for complete access. This makes cleaning incredibly easy from the inside, while also supporting strong insulation and energy efficiency. - Best for
Perfectly suited to contemporary homes, high-rise buildings and modern apartment blocks, tilt and turn windows combine style with substance in urban settings. - Efficiency Rating
Thanks to features like double or triple glazing, airtight seals, and robust multipoint locking systems, tilt and turn windows often exceed standard thermal performance requirements with ease. - Design Options
While aluminium options are available, UPVC is most commonly used for tilt and turn frames. Available in a variety of finishes, from classic white to Anthracite Grey, they can be designed as single-pane, multi-pane, full-height, or floor-to-ceiling styles. - *Average Cost
The cost of tilt and turn windows can vary, and while they’re sometimes priced above casements, there are affordable options available. Their added functionality often makes them a worthwhile investment. ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐
Sliding Window
Think of a sliding window as a patio door in miniature – its sashes glide smoothly along a track, effortlessly opening with a horizontal motion.
This sleek operation doesn’t intrude on space, making it a practical solution for areas where room is limited.
The sliding mechanism naturally allows for generous natural light and ventilation, making it a perfect choice for brightening up your living space.
No matter the style of the home, sliding windows promise long-lasting durability and exceptional ease of use.
- Features
Sliding windows glide smoothly along a horizontal track, making them a great space-saving solution since they don’t require extra room to open. They are ideal for providing excellent ventilation, with easy operation and a streamlined design. - Best for
Perfectly suited to minimalist modern homes and mid-century properties, sliding windows enhance the horizontal lines and open views that define these architectural styles. - Efficiency Rating
Sliding windows generally offer a moderate level of energy efficiency. However, this can be significantly improved with the addition of double-glazed units and insulating frames, enhancing their thermal performance. - Design Options
Typically made from UPVC or aluminium, sliding windows come in both single and double-slider styles. They are available in a range of finishes, including white, black, and grey, to complement various home aesthetics. - *Average Cost
Sliding windows are usually more affordable than alternatives like casement windows, but pricing will depend on factors such as customisation, size, and specific features. ⭐ ⭐ ⭐
Bay Window
One standout type of double-glazed window that’s hard to miss is the bay window, which projects outward from the building’s wall, making a bold statement.
Typically, it consists of three glazed sections – one large central window flanked by two smaller ones, either fixed or operable.
Bay windows create a sense of added space, thanks to the depth and abundant natural light they bring into a room.
Commonly found in living areas, these types of house windows are designed in both traditional and modern styles. Often, homeowners will place a cushioned bench beneath the window to create a cosy spot for gazing out and enjoying the view.
- Features
By extending outward from a home, the bay window enhances the interior and offers a more expansive view. It also boosts appeal, making the property more attractive to potential buyers and increasing its value. - Best for
The timeless appeal of period properties and Victorian homes is beautifully enhanced with the addition of one or more bay windows, creating an even greater sense of character and space. - Efficiency Rating
Due to their expansive surface area, it’s advisable to opt for energy-efficient glazing to minimise heat loss, ensuring that bay windows meet modern thermal standards while providing year-round comfort. - Design Options
Bay windows can be crafted in a variety of materials, offering both contemporary and classic looks. Whether it’s UPVC, aluminium, or wood, with colour choices like white, cream, and woodgrains, you’ll find a combination that complements any property style. - *Average Cost
The price of bay windows will naturally increase with the number of sections, rising from a three-section to a five-section design. Material and glazing preferences also play a role in the final cost, with the intricate design of a bay window typically resulting in a higher price compared to a standard window. ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐
Bow Window
Bow windows are similar to bay windows in that they project outward, but they have a more rounded, arc-like shape.
The panels are all the same size, typically ranging from four to six, and they’re angled more gently than those of a bay window.
Mostly found in bedrooms and living rooms, bow windows work much like bay windows by enhancing natural light and offering expansive views.
Made from UPVC, aluminium, or timber, a bow window serves as a striking feature in any home’s design.
- Features
The multi-panelled bow window features a fixed or partially operable design with a smooth, curved shape, enhancing the home’s interior by creating a brighter living space. - Best for
Just right for period homes, Victorian-style properties, and high-end modern residences, bow windows offer exceptional elegance and a boost in natural light. - Efficiency Rating
With proper sealing, excellent insulation, and double or triple glazing, bow windows can achieve moderate thermal efficiency, helping to maintain a comfortable home environment. - Design Options
Bow windows are available in a variety of materials, including wood, UPVC, and aluminium, crafted in both traditional and contemporary styles. Custom finishes are available for those who prefer alternatives to standard white, black, or wood tones. - *Average Cost
The price of a bow window can be higher than that of simpler styles of windows, depending on the material, glazing, and size. ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐
Rooflight/Skylight window
Some refer to it as a rooflight, while others call it a skylight. Regardless of the name, this window type is commonly installed in the roofs or ceilings of loft conversions, extensions, and similar spaces to bring in natural light to areas that lack brightness.
When a rooflight/skylight includes an opening feature, it can also serve as a ventilation option.
Toughened or laminated glass is used within a UPVC or aluminium frame, ensuring reliable insulation and weather resistance.
Ideal for both new and traditional building styles, the light funnelled through a rooflight or skylight will reduce your reliance on artificial lighting.
- Features
Installed in roofs, these fixed or vented windows bring natural light into living spaces, transforming them into brighter, more expansive areas than before. - Best for
Ideal for loft conversions, extensions, and modern homes with limited wall window options, rooflights and skylights help flood these spaces with light. - Efficiency Rating
Double or triple-glazed rooflights and skylights, when properly insulated, offer outstanding thermal efficiency, reducing heat loss and the need for artificial lighting. - Design Options
Rooflight/skylight styles come in a range of options, including fixed, manual, electric opening, flat roof, and pitched roof. Their UPVC or aluminium frames are usually available in white, grey, or black finishes. - *Average Cost
Prices vary based on the style and size of the rooflight/skylight, with larger units costing more. ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐
Flush Window
We’re accustomed to seeing most types of house windows slightly protruding from a house wall, making flush windows stand out as their frame aligns seamlessly with the wall, offering a sleek, minimalist aesthetic.
Common in modern homes, today’s flush windows typically feature energy-efficient glazing and a UPVC frame that mimics the look of traditional wooden frames, reflecting the style of classic flush designs.
Elegantly streamlined, the flush window maximises natural light and eliminates the risk of water ingress.
With minimal maintenance required, it moves away from the old tradition of wooden flush windows that demanded regular upkeep.
- Features
Flush windows integrate so seamlessly with exterior walls, giving contemporary home designs a polished, well-maintained appearance. - Best for
A sleek flush window design suits both modern and period properties for those who appreciate a clean, streamlined look. - Efficiency Rating
Despite their minimalist frame, flush windows offer excellent thermal efficiency when double or triple glazed and properly insulated. - Design Options
While flush windows were once made of wood, today’s designs typically feature UPVC or aluminium frames, finished in classic colours like Light Oak, which are traditionally associated with this style. - *Average Cost
The level of customisation will impact the final cost of flush windows, which are generally priced slightly higher than standard casement windows. ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐
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Which Type of Window Is Best for My Scottish Property?
The “best” of the window styles available will be the one that complements your home’s unique character and suits its age, whether it’s a modern build or a historic property.
Opt for double-glazing to ensure your home is energy-efficient, free from draughts, and easy to heat during the colder months.
Don’t overlook security. Choose window styles that come with robust features like multipoint locking systems for peace of mind.
Of course, personal taste plays a key role too. Since you’ll be living with these windows for a long time, you’ll want a design you’ll continue to enjoy and appreciate.
In the end, your windows should strike the perfect balance between functionality, appearance, and energy efficiency.
What Are The Different Types of Window Frame?
Once installed in your window openings, new window frames will significantly influence the overall look of your home, and that’s just the beginning. They also play a crucial role in improving durability and boosting energy efficiency.
For residential properties, there are four main types of windows to consider: UPVC, aluminium, composite, and timber. Let’s take a closer look at each one.
- UPVC
Short for unplasticised polyvinyl chloride, UPVC window frames are known for their excellent thermal performance and easy maintenance. Naturally resistant to rotting, fading and corrosion, they’re incredibly durable and available in a wide range of styles and colours. - Aluminium
Although you might assume aluminium frames are heavy, they’re surprisingly lightweight yet exceptionally strong. Thanks to aluminium’s flexibility, it can be crafted into various sleek designs, all while offering impressive resistance to the elements. - Composite
Made by combining wood, plastic and other materials, composite window frames offer the best of all worlds. With a wood-like appearance, they’re designed to resist swelling, warping and weather damage, and provide outstanding insulation. - Timber
Timber frames have a charm all of their own, with natural grain patterns and unique character. However, when made from real wood, they do require ongoing care in the form of staining or repainting to keep them looking their best.
What Is the Cheapest Window Style?
As touched on earlier, the cost of new windows depends on your choice of material, glazing, and frame type.
UPVC casement windows are typically the most budget-friendly option, thanks to the low cost of UPVC. Choosing double glazing over triple glazing can also help reduce your overall spend – it’s worth exploring the differences between the two to see what’s right for you. Read up on both options and get the answer to is triple glazing better than double glazing in our blog post.
When setting your budget, remember: the more straightforward the window design, the more cost-effective it’s likely to be.
Which types of window openings are most effective?
Choosing the right type of replacement windows should be based on your practical needs and aesthetic preferences.
Let’s break down the options again, so you can fully understand the benefits of each and know exactly what you’re getting for your window investment.
- Casement windows
Hinged on the side, these windows open outward, making them ideal for letting in fresh air and natural light. - Sash windows
A traditional design, sash windows slide vertically or horizontally within the frame, providing modest ventilation without taking up internal or external space. - Tilt and Turn windows
These can tilt inward at the top or swing fully open for optimal ventilation, while making it easier to clean the outer pane and frame. - Sliding windows
Featuring one or more horizontal sliding panels, sliding windows offer enhanced airflow while saving space. - Bay windows
Made up of multiple panels extending outward at an angle, bay windows not only increase the sense of space but also allow plenty of light to pour in. - Bow windows
Similar to bay windows but with more panels, bow windows have a curved design that invites light inside, creating a spacious, airy atmosphere. - Rooflight/Skylight window
Installed in roofs, often in lofts or rooms with limited wall space, operable rooflights or skylights provide ventilation from above. - Flush windows
Usually in a casement style, flush windows sit seamlessly within the frame, offering a clean and sleek look.
Key Takeaways From this Blog
There are so many types of windows for home improvement projects, so let’s quickly recap the key points. When choosing window types, explore all types of windows, like casement or tilt and turn, and assess their functionality, benefits, energy efficiency, and cost.
Also, you should check how they fit with your home and consider frame materials and glazing.
Liked this? Next, check out our guides on how to stop condensation and how to clean windows outside so you can become an expert in all things windows.
*Price rated from 1-5 stars (1= very low cost, 5= expensive)
Looking for new replacement windows?
Old favourites such as the Sash Window and Casement Window, sit alongside contemporary innovations including our latest flush range available in double glazing or triple glazing options.
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